BACKGROUND:
Excessive screen viewing in early childhood is associated with poor physical and psycho-social health and poor cognitive development. This study aimed to understand the prevalence, trajectory and determinants of television viewing time in early childhood to inform intervention development.
METHODS:
In this prospective longitudinal study, mothers of 1558 children (589 white British, 757 Pakistani heritage, 212 other ethnicities) completed questionnaires when their children were approximately 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36Â months old. Mothers answered questions about their own and their child’s TV-time. TV-time trajectories were estimated by linear longitudinal multilevel modeling, potential determinants were considered in models.
RESULTS:
The modelled trajectory estimated that 75% of children aged 12Â months exceeded guidelines of zero screen-time. At 12Â months of age an accelerated increase in TV-time was observed (<1Â h/day at 14Â months, >2Â h/day by 30Â months old). For every hour of mothers’ TV-time and every hour the TV was on in the home, children‘s TV-time was 8Â min and 1Â min higher respectively at 6Â months old (PÂ <Â 0.05), and 15Â min and 3Â min higher respectively at 36Â months old (PÂ <Â 0.05). Children whose mothers did not agree that it was important their child did not watch too much TV, had 17Â min more TV-time than their counterparts (PÂ <Â 0.05). Children of first time mothers had 6Â min more TV-time (PÂ <Â 0.05). At 12Â months of age, children of mothers experiencing stress watched 8Â min more TV (PÂ <Â 0.05). By 36Â months, children of Pakistani heritage mothers had 22Â min more TV-time than those of white British mothers (PÂ <Â 0.05), and an additional 35Â min of TV-time if their mother was not born in the UK (PÂ <Â 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
High levels of TV-time were prevalent. Intervention developers should consider targeting interventions before 12Â months of age. Modifiable determinants included mothers’ own TV-time, the time the television is on in the home and mothers’ attitude towards child TV-time. These behaviours may be key components to address in interventions for parents. Mothers experiencing stress, first time mothers, and Pakistani heritage mothers (particularly those born outside of the UK), may be priority groups for intervention.